环境16S rDNA和16S rcDNA序列分析湖光岩玛珥湖的浮游细菌组成     

秦青英  曾永辉  郭倩茹  简纪常  鲁义善  吴灶和 《广东海洋大学学报》2013,(3):1-9

通过提取环境总16S rDNA和总16S rRNA分别构建DNA克隆文库和反转录cDNA文库,并进行克隆测序和序列分析,探讨湖光岩玛珥湖浮游细菌和浮游活性细菌的遗传多样性。结果表明:构建两个水层的4个克隆文库,即1 m和10 m水层总菌的16S rDNA文库和总活性菌的16S rcDNA文库,共获得413条序列,分属15门、32目、52科;1 m水层的rDNA文库与rcDNA文库中Verrucomicrobia类群所占比例最大(36.8%和32.1%),其次为Alphaproteobacteri(a 15.1%和16%)和Betaproteobacteri(a 17.9%和16%);在10 m水层的2个文库中,Alphaproteobacteria类群均占绝对优势,分别为63.5%(rDNA)和43.8%(rcDNA),其次为Verrucomicrobia(11.5%和14.3%),其他细菌类群包括Acidobacteria、Chloroflexi、Firmicutes、待定门OD1、Planctomycetes、Spirochetes和Deltaproteobacteria,比例在0.8%~3.8%之间;在科的水平上,SAR11为湖光岩玛珥湖最为丰富的类群,占总克隆数的26.9%,其中在10 m水层的比例高达51.5%。序列同源性分析表明,绝大多数序列(89.8%)来源于新种,其中19.6%的序列可能来自于新属,69%的序列可能来自于全新的科。湖光岩玛珥湖浮游细菌群落结构较为独特,有大量的浮游细菌种类尚未获得相应的纯培养物,蕴含着丰富而新颖的微生物资源。  相似文献   

浙江镇海潮间带沉积物中可培养微生物初步研究     

郑莹  霍颖异 《海洋学研究》2012,30(4):65-71

针对浙江镇海潮间带沉积物样 品,采用纯培养法分离培养海洋微生物,并基于16S rRNA基因序列,开展系统发育学研究,分析沉积物细菌群落结构及多样性。分离获得细菌39株,16S rRNA基因序列分析表明,这些菌株分别属于厚壁菌门Firmicutes(51. 3%)、变形杆菌门Proteobacteria(30.8%)、拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes(15. 4%)和放线菌门Actinobacteria(2. 6%)4个类群。厚壁菌门和变形杆菌门的菌株主要归属于芽孢杆菌纲Bacilli和a-变形杆菌纲Alphaproteobacteria,它们可能在近海海洋生态系统的元素地球化学循环中发挥了重要作用。此外,部分菌株16S rRNA基因序列与已报道物种的相似性较低,可能代表了新的分类单元。研究丰富了浙江近海微生物种质资源,并拓展了对浙江近海可培养细菌多样性的认识,为今后开发利用海洋微生物资源积累了资料。  相似文献   

The occurrence of mycotoxigenic fungi in abalone feed in South Africa     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(4):383-394

Abalone feed in South Africa is mainly produced from locally sourced grains and has soy or fishmeal as a protein source. Contamination with fungal species associated with grain-based animal feed is, therefore, a predictable risk. Various Fusarium, Penicillium and Aspergillus species are known to produce mycotoxins when colonising grains. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of toxigenic fungal species in the ingredients of compound abalone feeds as well as in final abalone-feed products. In this study, 248 fungal isolates were obtained from feed ingredients and compound abalone feeds collected from three different South African abalone farms and one feed supplier. Morphological and multigene phylogenetic analyses were used to identify the fungi isolated. Fusarium, Penicillium and Aspergillus species were consistently isolated. The presence of these species does not always result in mycotoxin contamination.  相似文献   

云南腾冲热海热田痕量元素分带研究          下载免费PDF全文

郑亚新  章铭陶 《地质科学》1991,(2):137-147

对云南省腾冲已知水热活动区及其邻近区域所做地球化学土壤和岩石测量发现痕量元素异常分带模式,范围从25km²逐渐扩大至60km²和200km²。进行相关分析和聚类分析后绘出谱系图。这个分带模式与热液矿床模式酷似,故对其在矿床勘探及贵金属资源方面的潜力给予评价。  相似文献   

Evolutionary Significance of Pylentonemid Radiolarians and Their Late Devonian Species from Southwestern Tianshan, China   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

LIU Yu HAO Shougang 《《地质学报》英文版》2006,80(5):647-655

A group of radiolarian fossils with a complete morphological gradient of increasing polarization are reported from upper Devonian successions in southwestern Tianshan, China. Specifically, the important transitional mophotypes, Pylentonema transitorum sp. nov., Archocyrtium medium sp. nov. and Quadrapesus transitivus sp. nov, were found. Based on the fact that the new transitional radiolarian fossils resemble more closely to pylentonemids （cyrtoid nassellarians） than to entactinids （spumellarians） in morphology, they are assigned to pylentonemids. Pylentonemids share characters of both the Nassellaria （e.g., horned cephalis, basal opening with pylome） and Spumellaria （e.g., system of trabecular spicules）, and they are thus of evolutionary significance. The evolutionary trend from spumellarians to nassellarians is characterized by （1） internal spicule： from simple trabecular spicules to complicate components （A;Ir,II;D;V;Lr,Li;MB）; （2） polarization of the radiolarian tests due to rearrangment of spine, from radial to an axial symmetry; （3） the gradual formation of a basal opening （aperture, pylome, or podome）; and the transition from a pseudopylome, a primative pylome with a narrow margin on the outer shell, to a true pylome rimmed with a narrow, elevated impermite wall.  相似文献   

Predicting the reproduction strategies of several microalgae through their genome sequences     

Guo  Li  Yang  Guanpin 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2015,14(3):491-502

Documenting the sex and sexual reproduction of the microalgae is very difficult, as most of the results are based on the microscopic observation that can be heavily influenced by genetic, physiological and environmental conditions. Understanding the reproduction strategy of some microalgae is required to breed them in large scale culture industry. Instead of direct observation of sex and sexual reproduction under microscope, the whole set or the majority of core meiosis genes may evidence the sex and sexual reproduction in the unicellular algae, as the meiosis is necessary for maintaining the genomic stability and the advantages of genetic recombination. So far, the available genome sequences and bioinformatic tools(in this study, homolog searching and phylogenetic analysis) allow us to propose that at least 20 core meiosis genes(among them ≥6 must be meiosis specific) are enough for an alga to maintain its sexual reproduction. According to this assumption and the genome sequences, it is possible that sexual reproduction was carried out by Micromonas pusilla and Cyanidioschyzon merolae, while asexual reproduction was adopted by Bigelowiella natans, Guillardia theta, Nannochloropsis gaditana, N. oceanica, Chlorella variablis, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Thalassiosira pseudonana. This understanding will facilitate the breeding trials of some economic microalgae(e.g., N. gaditana, N. oceanica, C. variablis and P. tricornutum). However, the reproduction strategies of these microalgae need to be proved by further biological experiments.  相似文献   

5种石斑鱼核糖体DNA ITS1序列及其分子系统进化关系     

周爱国  谢少林  陈金涛  陈言峰  邹记兴 《海洋科学》2015,39(8):7-15

为了明确分布于中国海域点带石斑鱼(Epinephelus malabaricus)、青石斑鱼(E.awoara)、巨石斑鱼(E.tauvina)、六带石斑鱼(E.sexfasciatus)和宝石石斑鱼(E.areolatus))等石斑鱼属(Epinephelus)鱼类的系统发育关系,作者采用PCR和DNA测序技术,测定了5种石斑鱼属鱼类的核糖体DNA ITS1序列,获得其ITS片段长度分别为537、536、535、528、532 bp。研究结果表明:5种石斑鱼r DNA ITS1序列的碱基组成趋势相似,A+T含量皆低于C+G含量,A+T含量最低为宝石石斑鱼(37.6%),最高为六带石斑鱼(41.5%);基于Kimura-2双参数模型计算得到上述石斑鱼种间遗传距离在0.0000~0.3002。基于MP法、ML法和NJ法构建的3种分子系统树表明,r DNA ITS1序列与形态呈同步进化关系,宝石石斑鱼与其他4种石斑鱼的亲缘关系较远,表明在所研究的物种中最早分化而出,而点带石斑鱼与青石斑鱼的亲缘关系最近,分化的时间最晚。  相似文献   

浙江新昌光唇鱼(Acrossocheilus)CO Ⅱ和D-loop基因克隆及系统发育分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

潘娜  苗亮  李明云  郭晓飞  赵亮  陈炯  张玉明  吕益龙 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(2):381-388

采用扩增COⅡ、D-loop序列、进行序列比对和系统树分析并结合形态特征观察的方法,研究了浙江新昌光唇鱼(Acrossocheilus)的系统分类和种类鉴定。形态特征结果表明,新昌光唇鱼具有光唇鱼属鱼类的基本特征;扩增得到COⅡ序列全长691bp,D-loop序列全长931—944bp,A+T含量两基因序列都高于G+C(A+T的含量分别为57.30%—57.80%和65.30%—65.90%),G的含量在四种碱基中最低;COⅡ序列有6个碱基位点存在转换,而D-loop则存在多个碱基的转换、颠换、缺失或插入位点。浙江新昌光唇鱼群体内COⅡ、D-loop基因的平均遗传距离分别为0.003、0.005;基于COⅡ和D-loop序列构建的NJ法系统树均显示新昌光唇鱼与温州光唇鱼(A.wenchowensis)形成一个紧密的簇,序列相似性分别为99.94%和99.36%,遗传距离分别为0.000、0.011,未达到种间分化水平(遗传距离大于0.05),表明新昌光唇鱼与温州光唇鱼为同一种,且根据形态特征可以断定为二个不同的地理群体,而D-loop序列因进化速度较快更适于光唇鱼属种内及近缘物种的种间亲缘关系的研究。研究结果既有助于新昌光唇鱼资源的开发利用,又可为研究光唇鱼类的分类提供参考资料。  相似文献   

Cloning and sequence analysis of the partial sequence of the rbcL from Bryopsis hypnoides   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

TIAN Chao  WANG Guangce  YE Naihao  ZHANG Baoyu  FAN Xiaolei  ZENG Chengkui 《海洋学报(英文版)》2005,24(5):150-161

1 IntroductionRibulose-1,5-bisphosphatecarboxylase/oxygenase(EC 4.1.1.39;Rubisco) plays an important role in photo-synthetic carbon fixation by controlling the initial stageof the Calvin cycle and possessing the functions of bothCO2 fixation and ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate (RuBP)oxygenation. Rubisco is composed of eight large andeight small subunits in higher plants and green algae,and the large subunit is encoded by chloroplast genomeand the small subunit by nuclear genome. The gene en-cod…  相似文献   

北极斯瓦尔巴群岛冰川流域可培养细菌的系统发育多样性及固氮菌初步研究          下载免费PDF全文

刘杰李胜男  郭昱东张丹丹 王能飞 《极地研究》2017,29(4):496-505

从北极斯瓦尔巴群岛冰川流域的上、中、下游采集了5种代表性土壤和冰川融水样品(MT、AT、TN、BT、MS),采用常规LB和严格无氮培养基低温培养方法,对其中的可培养细菌和潜在固氮细菌进行了总菌计数以及菌株的富集、分离与纯化。经菌落菌体形态观察、16S r RNA基因初步测序排重、固氮基因nif H的PCR检测,分别选取48株可培养分离细菌和31株潜在固氮菌进行了基于16S r RNA基因全序列测定的系统发育分析。目的是初步了解该特殊生境中可培养细菌(包括潜在固氮菌)的多样性及其分布状况,为进一步研究它们在此生境中的生态功能奠定基础。实验结果表明,可培养细菌在5个采集样品中的总菌数为BTTNATMT=MS,严格无氮培养基分离菌总菌数为BTATMTTNMS。48株可培养代表菌分属于Proteobacteria、Actinobacteria、Bacteroidetes、Firmicutes 4个门的7纲、14属之中,它们在5个样品中的多样性程度为BT(6纲、6属)MT(4纲、6属)AT、MS(均为3纲、3属)TN(2纲、3属),优势菌群主要分布在γ-proteobacteria纲的Pseudomonas属(20.8%,集中在AT、BT、MS样品中)和β-proteobacteria纲的Janthinobacterium属(35.4%,集中在MS样品中),表现出一定程度的系统发育多样性。潜在固氮菌实验结果表明,能在严格无氮培养基上生长且可检测到nif H的31株代表菌具有极为单一的系统发育多样性。其中90.32%菌株集中在γ-proteobacteria纲的Pseudomonas属,仅在MT和MS样品中有3株菌分布在α-proteobacteria纲的Rhizobium属、β-proteobacteria纲的Janthinobacterium属和Actinobacteria纲的Arthrobacter属,它们与分离自其他极端环境的相关标准菌株具有高度16S r RNA基因同源性。另外,本实验还发现有8株菌的16S r RNA基因序列与相关标准菌株的相似度低于98.50%,推测它们具有成为该特殊生境下新种的潜质。  相似文献